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    been given tone-marks of their own in noun-headings, but not in
grammatical elements like (e)t-, (e)ʋ-, etc., nor in sentences.

    The sign ^ has occasionally been used where a word had to be broken
up at the end of a line, for purely technical reasons.

    ORDER AND FORM OF ITEMS

    The letters follow one another in the following order: a, b, d, e, ɛ, f,
g, gb, ɣ, h, i, k, kp, l, m, n, nw, ny, o, ɔ, p, r, rh, ɽ, ɽ̃, s, t, u, v, ʋ̃, w, x, y, z.

    In the case of words differing in tone only, the items with high tones
are placed first, then those containing both high and low (or mid) tones,
then the words with low tones only, and last those with rises or falls.

    Unnasalised vowels have no precedence over nasalised ones, except
where the tones are the same.

    Nouns beginning with e-, i.e. an e- prefix which occurs mostly in a
context and is often not pronounced when isolated, are found under the
vowel e, but grammatical elements like (e)n-, (e)t-, etc. are entered
under the appropriate consonant.

    Entirely different items with the same phonetic and tonal form are
differentiated by means of numbers. Different meanings that may be
explained as semantic developments of one word are marked with
bracketed numbers within the same item. Different meanings brought
about by the addition of a noun, for example, in the genitive or object-
relationship are usually not numbered.

    In the case of verbs, the verbal combinations are given before the
verb-noun combinations. In the verb-noun combinations the two ele-
ments have been joined where they are followed by an object, or if
there is no further object, e.g. in gb-ɔvo [ ˩ ˥ ] to be jealous, ɔgb-ɔvo ʋ̃ɛ [ ˩ ˩ ˩ ˥ ]
she is jealous of me, but the two elements have been kept separate
when an object is put between them, e.g. in gbe [ ˥ ] ɔvo [ ˩ ˥ ] to make
somebody jealous, ɔgbe ʋ̃-ɔ̃vo [ ˩ ˩ ˩ ˥ ] it makes me jealous. The tones of
the imperfect forms have been used in the headings and sub-headings,
but in the case of verbal combinations, each verb has been given its
independent tone, irrespective of tonal interrelations in actual speech.
In sentences and other illustrative material, however, the author has
tried to reproduce the actual intonation of his informant (nearly always
H. G. Amadasu).

    Inverted commas have been used for the following purposes:

    (1) In single words or short expressions occurring in the English
equivalent after the heading, they denote that the word or expression
in question is “coastal English”, i.e. either Pidgin-English or a peculiar
usage of English in the speech of the informant.

    (2) In the translations of sentences, idioms, and explanatory notes,
inverted commas denote either a literal translation which is not good
English (and which maybe followed by a free translation), or a quotation.
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