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    e.g. in ʋ-uwu [ ˥ ˥ ] “in inside”:
    in ʋ-uhuʋ̃u [ ˩ ˥ ˩ ] “at head”: on
    top of; ʋ-otɔ [ ˥ ˩ ] “in ground”:
    underneath. In this way, the
    English prepositions are ex-
    pressed by means of one Bini
    preposition only, linked with
    various local nouns. ʋ-obɔ [ ˩ ˥ ]
    lit. “in hand”, means “from”
    when a human being is qualified
    by it. ʋ- is also employed to
    form a great number of ad-
    verbial expressions, as e.g. ʋ-eʋa
    [ ˩ \ ] there; ʋ-odɔ [ ˩ \ ] there (a
    locality still further away than
    that indicated by ʋ-eʋa); ʋ-eʋ̃a
    [ ˩ \ ] here; ʋ-oɽe [ ˥ ˥ ] outside;
    on the street (used when the
    speaker is at home and means
    another place in the town).
    The “prepositions” formed by
    means of linking ʋ- to a noun
    of place can also be used ad-
    verbially, e.g. ʋ-od-aɽo [ ˩ \ ˩ ] in
    front (generalised by adding odɛ
    “road”), in front of; ʋ-iyeke
    [ ˥ ˩ ˩ ] at the back; behind;
    ʋ-od-uxuʋ̃u [ ˩ ˥ ˩ ˩ ] above. Other
    adverbs formed with the help of
    ʋ- are ʋ-ehia [ ˥ ˦ ] “in all”:
    altogether, e.g. ix-ĩkpɔ̃‿ũgie ʋ-
    ehia (xiɛ̃ [ ˥ ]) [ ˩ ˥ ˥ ˥ ˩ ˥ ˦ ] “I sold
    twenty pounds in all”: I sold
    goods amounting to the value
    of twenty pounds. ʋ-eriɔ [ ˥ / ]
    or [ \ / ], and ʋ-enia [ ˥ / ] or
    [ \ / ] “thus”; ʋ-ɛxoxo [ ˥ ˥ ˥ ] “in
    the corner”: privately.
    
(e)ʋ- 2 as; like (used with nouns);
    ɔba ʋ-eb-axuɛ [ ˩ / ˦ (3-1) ˩ ] it is red
    like a parrot tail-feather. ʋ-enɛ
    [ ˥ ˦ ] “as if” (introducing sen-
    tences); ɔye ʋ-en-ɔmaʋiɛ [ ˩ ˥ ˦ ˧ ˧ / ]
    he looks (lit. “is”) as if he has
    not slept. To ʋ-enɛ [ ˥ ˦ ] may be
    added awɛ [ ˩ \ ] “one says”: ɔɽu